This index was proposed by Cox and Snell (1989, pp. 208-9) and, apparently
independently, by Magee (1990); but had been suggested earlier for binary
response models by Maddala (1983). However, this index achieves a maximum
of less than 1 for discrete models (i.e. models whose likelihood is a product
of probabilities) which have a maximum of 1, instead of densities, which can
become infinite (Nagelkerke, 1991).