phylocurve (version 2.1.1)

multipic: Efficient PIC algorithm for multiple traits

Description

Following the function prep_multipic, this function efficiently performs the PIC algorithm for multiple traits simultaneously, allowing for rapid repeated calls using different datasets (e.g., for bootstrap simulations). NOTE: this function is intended for use via the do.call function (see example).

Usage

multipic(ntip, nnode, edge1, edge2, edge_len, phe, contr,
var_contr, scaled, pic_len, pic_recon)

Arguments

ntip

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

nnode

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

edge1

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

edge2

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

edge_len

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

phe

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

contr

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

var_contr

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

scaled

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

pic_len

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

pic_recon

This quantity is computed by the function prep_multipic

Value

contrasts

A matrix of PICs, one column for each trait (rows correspond to node numbers on a postorder tree)

sum_invV

Sum of the inverse of the phylogenetic covariance matrix: sum(solve(vcv(tree)))

log_detV

The natural log of the determinant of the phylogenetic covariance matrix

root

Vector of estimated root values for each trait

pic_len

Vector of PIC-rescaled branch lengths

pic_recon

Matrix of PIC-reconstructed ancestral values. NOTE: this is not equivalent to the ML ancestral estimates except for the root value!

References

Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist, 125, 1-15.

Paradis, E., Claude, J. and Strimmer, K. (2004) APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics, 20, 289-290.

Paradis, E. (2012) Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution with R (Second Edition). New York: Springer.

See Also

pic

Examples

# NOT RUN {
require(phylocurve)
require(ape)

nspecies <- 1000
ntraits <- 500
tree <- rtree(n = nspecies) # Simulate a random 1000-species phylogeny
Y <- matrix(rnorm(nspecies*ntraits),ncol=ntraits) # Generate random data
rownames(Y) <- tree$tip.label

# Call prep_multipic
prep.Y <- prep_multipic(x = Y,phy = tree)

# Calculate phylogenetically independent contrasts using pic (ape package)
Y.pics.ape <- apply(X = Y,MARGIN = 2,FUN = pic,phy = tree)

# Calculate PICs using multipic
# returns a list with contrasts, sum_invV, log_detV, root
# 'contrast' is a matrix of PICs
# 'sum_invV' is equal to sum(solve(vcv(tree)))
# 'log_detV' is equal to log(det(vcv(tree)))
# 'root' is the maximum likelihood phenotypic value at the root
Y.pics.phylocurve <- do.call(multipic,prep.Y)

# Verify that results are identical
range(Y.pics.ape - Y.pics.phylocurve$contrasts)

# Generate 50 random datasets (NOT RUN)
#niter <- 50
#randomY <- vector(mode = "list",length = niter)
#for(i in 1:niter)
#{
#  randomY[[i]] <- matrix(rnorm(nspecies*ntraits),ncol=ntraits)
#  rownames(randomY[[i]]) <- tree$tip.label
#}


###########################################################################
# Compare time to calculate PICs on 50 random datasets using pic vs multipic
#
##### pic function (NOT RUN)
#system.time(for(i in 1:niter) apply(X = randomY[[i]],MARGIN = 2,FUN = pic,phy = tree))
##### user  system elapsed 
##### 18.35    0.23   18.61 

##### multipic function (NOT RUN)
#system.time(for(i in 1:niter)
#{
#  prep.Y$phe[1:nspecies,] <- randomY[[i]] # update prep.Y$phe with new data
#  do.call(multipic,prep.Y)
#})
##### user  system elapsed 
##### 1.38    0.14    1.52 
#
###########################################################################
# }