powerSurvEpi (version 0.1.3)

ssize.stratify: Sample size calculation for Survival Analysis with Binary Predictor and Exponential Survival Function

Description

Sample size calculation for survival analysis with binary predictor and exponential survival function.

Usage

ssize.stratify(
    power, 
    timeUnit, 
    gVec, 
    PVec, 
    HR, 
    lambda0Vec, 
    alpha = 0.05, 
    verbose = TRUE)

Arguments

power

numeric. Power of the test.

timeUnit

numeric. Total study length.

gVec

numeric. m by 1 vector. The s-th element is the proportion of the total sample size for the s-th stratum, where m is the number of strata.

PVec

numeric. m by 1 vector. The s-th element is the proportion of subjects in treatment group 1 for the s-th stratum, where m is the number of strata.

HR

numeric. Hazard ratio (Ratio of the hazard for treatment group 1 to the hazard for treatment group 0, i.e. reference group).

lambda0Vec

numeric. m by 1 vector. The s-th element is the hazard for treatment group 0 (i.e., reference group) in the s-th stratum.

alpha

numeric. Type I error rate.

verbose

Logical. Indicating if intermediate results will be output or not.

Value

The sample size.

Details

We assume (1) there is only one predictor and no covariates in the survival model (exponential survival function); (2) there are m strata; (3) the predictor x is a binary variable indicating treatment group 1 (\(x=1\)) or treatment group 0 (\(x=0\)); (3) the treatment effect is constant over time (proportional hazards); (4) the hazard ratio is the same in all strata, and (5) the data will be analyzed by the stratified log rank test.

The sample size formula is Formula (1) on page 801 of Palta M and Amini SB (1985): $$ n=(Z_{\alpha}+Z_{\beta})^2/\mu^2 $$ where \(\alpha\) is the Type I error rate, \(\beta\) is the Type II error rate (power\(=1-\beta\)), \(Z_{\alpha}\) is the \(100(1-\alpha)\)-th percentile of standard normal distribution, and $$ \mu=\log(\delta)\sqrt{ \sum_{s=1}^{m} g_s P_s (1 - P_s) V_s } $$ and $$ V_s=P_s\left[1-\frac{1}{\lambda_{1s}} \left\{ \exp\left[-\lambda_{1s}(T-1)\right] -\exp(-\lambda_{1s}T) \right\} \right] +(1-P_s)\left[ 1-\frac{1}{\lambda_{0s}} \left\{ \exp\left[-\lambda_{0s}(T-1)\right] -\exp(-\lambda_{0s}T \right\} \right] $$ In the above formulas, \(m\) is the number of strata, \(T\) is the total study length, \(\delta\) is the hazard ratio, \(g_s\) is the proportion of the total sample size in stratum \(s\), \(P_s\) is the proportion of stratum \(s\), which is in treatment group 1, and \(\lambda_{is}\) is the hazard for the \(i\)-th treatment group in stratum \(s\).

References

Palta M and Amini SB. (1985). Consideration of covariates and stratification in sample size determination for survival time studies. Journal of Chronic Diseases. 38(9):801-809.

See Also

power.stratify

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# example on page 803 of Palta M and Amini SB. (1985). 
n <- ssize.stratify(
  power = 0.9, 
  timeUnit = 1.25, 
  gVec = c(0.5, 0.5),
  PVec = c(0.5, 0.5), 
  HR = 1 / 1.91, 
  lambda0Vec = c(2.303, 1.139),
  alpha = 0.05, 
  verbose = TRUE
)

# }