psychTools (version 2.3.3)

ability: 16 ability items scored as correct or incorrect.

Description

16 multiple choice ability items 1525 subjects taken from the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment (SAPA) web based personality assessment project are saved as iqitems. Those data are shown as examples of how to score multiple choice tests and analyses of response alternatives. When scored correct or incorrect, the data are useful for demonstrations of tetrachoric based factor analysis irt.fa and finding tetrachoric correlations.

Usage

data(iqitems)

Format

A data frame with 1525 observations on the following 16 variables. The number following the name is the item number from SAPA.

reason.4

Basic reasoning questions

reason.16

Basic reasoning question

reason.17

Basic reasoning question

reason.19

Basic reasoning question

letter.7

In the following alphanumeric series, what letter comes next?

letter.33

In the following alphanumeric series, what letter comes next?

letter.34

In the following alphanumeric series, what letter comes next

letter.58

In the following alphanumeric series, what letter comes next?

matrix.45

A matrix reasoning task

matrix.46

A matrix reasoning task

matrix.47

A matrix reasoning task

matrix.55

A matrix reasoning task

rotate.3

Spatial Rotation of type 1.2

rotate.4

Spatial Rotation of type 1.2

rotate.6

Spatial Rotation of type 1.1

rotate.8

Spatial Rotation of type 2.3

Details

16 items were sampled from 80 items given as part of the SAPA (https://www.sapa-project.org/) project (Revelle, Wilt and Rosenthal, 2009; Condon and Revelle, 2014) to develop online measures of ability. These 16 items reflect four lower order factors (verbal reasoning, letter series, matrix reasoning, and spatial rotations. These lower level factors all share a higher level factor ('g').

This data set may be used to demonstrate item response functions, tetrachoric correlations, or irt.fa as well as omega estimates of of reliability and hierarchical structure.

In addition, the data set is a good example of doing item analysis to examine the empirical response probabilities of each item alternative as a function of the underlying latent trait. When doing this, it appears that two of the matrix reasoning problems do not have monotonically increasing trace lines for the probability correct. At moderately high ability (theta = 1) there is a decrease in the probability correct from theta = 0 and theta = 2.

References

Condon, David and Revelle, William, (2014) The International Cognitive Ability Resource: Development and initial validation of a public-domain measure. Intelligence, 43, 52-64.

Revelle, William, Dworak, Elizabeth M. and Condon, David (2020) Cognitive ability in everyday life: the utility of open-source measures. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29, (4) 358-363. Open access at tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1177/0963721420922178").

Dworak, Elizabeth M., Revelle, William, Doebler, Philip and Condon, David (2021) Using the International Cognitive Ability Resource as an open source tool to explore individual differences in cognitive ability. Personality and Individual Differences, 169. Open access at tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1016/j.paid.2020.109906"). Revelle, William, Wilt, Joshua, and Rosenthal, Allen (2010) Personality and Cognition: The Personality-Cognition Link. In Gruszka, Alexandra and Matthews, Gerald and Szymura, Blazej (Eds.) Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition: Attention, Memory and Executive Control, Springer.

Examples

data(ability)
cs<- psych::cs
keys <- list(ICAR16=colnames(ability),reasoning =  cs(reason.4,reason.16,reason.17,reason.19),
  letters=cs(letter.7, letter.33,letter.34,letter.58), 
  matrix=cs(matrix.45,matrix.46,matrix.47,matrix.55), 
  rotate=cs(rotate.3,rotate.4,rotate.6,rotate.8))
  psych::scoreOverlap(keys,ability)
    #this next step takes a few seconds to run and demonstrates IRT approaches
     ability.irt <- psych::irt.fa(ability)
     ability.scores <- psych::scoreIrt(ability.irt,ability)
     ability.sub.scores <- psych::scoreIrt.2pl(keys,ability) #demonstrate irt scoring

#It is sometimes asked how to handle missing data when finding scores
#this next example compares 3 ways of scoring ability items from icar
#Just sum the items
#Sum the means for the items
#IRT score the items

total <- rowSums(ability, na.rm=TRUE)
 means  <- rowMeans(ability, na.rm=TRUE)
irt <- psych::scoreIrt(items=ability)[1]
 df <- data.frame(total, means,irt)
 psych:: pairs.panels(df)