A total degree of the sender effect refers to the tendency for actors to
send events if they have send and received more past events. The statistic
at timepoint t for dyad (i,j) (tie-oriented model) or sender
i (actor-oriented model) is equal to the number of events
send and received by actor i before timepoint t. Note that the
'totaldegreeSender' effect is only defined for directed events.
Optionally, a scaling method can be set with scaling
. By scaling the
degree count by the total number of past events times two, the statistic
refers to the fraction of past events times two that involved actor i. At
the first time point, when no events did previously occur, it is assumed
that every actor is equally likely to send a message and the statistic is
set equal to 1/n, where n refers to the number of actors.