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rlang

rlang is a collection of frameworks and APIs for programming with R.

Frameworks

Two comprehensive frameworks are implemented in rlang.

  • tidy eval, a programmable data-masking framework used in tidyverse packages like dplyr and ggplot2. As a user, you will encounter the embracing operator {{ and name injection with the glue operators "{" and "{{".

  • rlang errors, a set of tools to signal and display errors. This includes backtrace capture with global_entrace() and backtrace display with last_error() and last_warnings(). Use abort() to create errors with bullet lists, structured metadata, and error chaining support.

    The display of error messages is optimised for bullet lists and chained errors and optionally integrates with the cli package (see local_use_cli()).

Argument intake

A set of tools help you check, validate, and preprocess arguments.

  • Checking function arguments, e.g. arg_match(), check_required(), and check_exclusive().

  • Checking dots, e.g. check_dots_used() and check_dots_empty().

  • Collecting dynamic dots, e.g. list2(). These dots support splicing with !!! and name injection with the glue operators "{" and "{{".

Programming interfaces

rlang provides various interfaces for working with R and R objects.

  • The R session, e.g. check_installed(), on_load(), and on_package_load().

  • Environments, e.g. env(), env_has(), env_get(), env_bind(), env_unbind(), env_print(), and local_bindings().

  • Evaluation, e.g. inject() and eval_bare().

  • Calls and symbols, e.g. call2(), is_call(), is_call_simple(), data_sym(), and data_syms().

  • Functions, e.g. new_function() and as_function(). The latter supports the purrr-style formula notation for lambda functions.

Installation

Install the released version of rlang from CRAN:

install.packages("rlang")

Or install the development version from GitHub with:

# install.packages("pak")
pak::pkg_install("r-lib/rlang")

Code of Conduct

Please note that the rlang project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.

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Version

Install

install.packages('rlang')

Monthly Downloads

1,956,217

Version

1.1.2

License

MIT + file LICENSE

Issues

108

Pull Requests

20

Stars

508

Forks

138

Maintainer

Lionel Henry

Last Published

November 4th, 2023

Functions in rlang (1.1.2)

args_error_context

Documentation anchor for error arguments
as_data_mask

Create a data mask
as_closure

Transform to a closure
as_box

Convert object to a box
bare-type-predicates

Bare type predicates
UQ

Deprecated UQ() and UQS() operators
call2

Create a call
box

Box a value
abort

Signal an error, warning, or message
arg_match

Match an argument to a character vector
as_utf8_character

Coerce to a character vector and attempt encoding conversion
are_na

Test for missing values
as_environment

Coerce to an environment
call_standardise

Standardise a call
call_name

Extract function name or namespace of a call
bytes-class

Human readable memory sizes
catch_cnd

Catch a condition
caller_arg

Find the caller argument for error messages
as_label

Create a default name for an R object
as_string

Cast symbol to string
as_function

Convert to function
as_name

Extract names from symbols
call_match

Match supplied arguments to function definition
cnd

Create a condition object
check_exclusive

Check that arguments are mutually exclusive
call_fn

Extract function from a call
call_args

Extract arguments from a call
call_modify

Modify the arguments of a call
call_inspect

Inspect a call
cnd_inherits

Does a condition or its ancestors inherit from a class?
dots_n

How many arguments are currently forwarded in dots?
dots_splice

Splice lists
check_dots_empty

Check that dots are empty
check_dots_empty0

Check that dots are empty (low level variant)
enquo

Defuse function arguments
entrace

Add backtrace from error handler
env_print

Pretty-print an environment
defusing-advanced

Advanced defusal operators
embrace-operator

Embrace operator {{
env_unbind

Remove bindings from an environment
check_required

Check that argument is supplied
cnd_message

Build an error message from parts
cnd_signal

Signal a condition object
dyn-dots

Dynamic dots features
env_has

Does an environment have or see bindings?
cnd_muffle

Muffle a condition
chr_unserialise_unicode

Translate unicode points to UTF-8
cnd_type

What type is a condition?
child_env

Create a child environment
env_inherits

Does environment inherit from another environment?
check_dots_unnamed

Check that all dots are unnamed
done

Box a final value for early termination
env

Create a new environment
check_dots_used

Check that all dots have been used
env_bind

Bind symbols to objects in an environment
exec

Execute a function
eval_tidy

Evaluate an expression with quosures and pronoun support
flatten

Flatten or squash a list of lists into a simpler vector
exprs_auto_name

Ensure that all elements of a list of expressions are named
env_cache

Cache a value in an environment
env_clone

Clone or coalesce an environment
ffi_standalone_types_check

Internal API for standalone-types-check
dev-notes-dots

Development notes - dots.R
dots_values

Evaluate dots with preliminary splicing
duplicate

Duplicate an R object
dot-data

.data and .env pronouns
env_binding_lock

Lock or unlock environment bindings
eval_bare

Evaluate an expression in an environment
env_binding_are_active

What kind of environment binding?
f_rhs

Get or set formula components
env_is_user_facing

Is frame environment user facing?
env_unlock

Unlock an environment
format_error_call

Validate and format a function call for use in error messages
empty_env

Get the empty environment
env_lock

Lock an environment
f_text

Turn RHS of formula into a string or label
faq-options

Global options for rlang
friendly_type

Format a type for error messages
englue

Defuse function arguments with glue
inherits_any

Does an object inherit from a set of classes?
env_depth

Depth of an environment chain
env_browse

Browse environments
is_expression

Is an object an expression?
has_name

Does an object have an element with this name?
hash

Hashing
is_condition

Is object a condition?
global_handle

Register default global handlers
global_prompt_install

Prompt user to install missing packages
env_name

Label of an environment
is_callable

Is an object callable?
env_bury

Mask bindings by defining symbols deeper in a scope
env_names

Names and numbers of symbols bound in an environment
is_formula

Is object a formula?
inject

Inject objects in an R expression
is_empty

Is object an empty vector or NULL?
env_get

Get an object in an environment
is_integerish

Is a vector integer-like?
is_interactive

Is R running interactively?
expr_label

Turn an expression to a label
expr_print

Print an expression
env_parent

Get parent environments
fn_fmls

Extract arguments from a function
env_poke

Poke an object in an environment
new_call

Create a new call from components
new-vector

Create vectors matching a given length
expr

Defuse an R expression
is_pairlist

Is object a node or pairlist?
pairlist2

Collect dynamic dots in a pairlist
format_error_bullets

Format bullets for error messages
op-null-default

Default value for NULL
fn_env

Return the closure environment of a function
is_copyable

Is an object copyable?
fn_body

Get or set function body
expr_interp

Process unquote operators in a captured expression
is_dictionaryish

Is a vector uniquely named?
is_environment

Is object an environment?
global_entrace

Entrace unexpected errors
get_env

Get or set the environment of an object
glue-operators

Name injection with "{" and "{{"
has_length

How long is an object?
scalar-type-predicates

Scalar type predicates
qq_show

Show injected expression
invoke

Invoke a function with a list of arguments
set_expr

Set and get an expression
is_named

Is object named?
is_lang

Is object a call?
topic-embrace-non-args

Does {{ work on regular objects?
is_namespace

Is an object a namespace environment?
string

Create a string
quo_expr

Squash a quosure
last_warnings

Display last messages and warnings
local_options

Change global options
scoped_interactive

Deprecated scoped_ functions
names_inform_repair

Inform about name repair
local_use_cli

Use cli to format error messages
switch_type

Dispatch on base types
is_true

Is object identical to TRUE or FALSE?
is_weakref

Is object a weak reference?
is_call

Is object a call?
scoped_env

Deprecated scoped functions
topic-embrace-constants

Why are strings and other constants enquosed in the empty environment?
quosure-tools

Quosure getters, setters and predicates
trace_back

Capture a backtrace
vector-construction

Create vectors
is_function

Is object a function?
vector-coercion

Coerce an object to a base type
topic-condition-formatting

Formatting messages with cli
new_node

Helpers for pairlist and language nodes
is_installed

Are packages installed in any of the libraries?
lang

Create a call
try_fetch

Try an expression with condition handlers
list2

Collect dynamic dots in a list
sym

Create a symbol or list of symbols
topic-quosure

What are quosures and when are they needed?
type-predicates

Type predicates
raw_deparse_str

Serialize a raw vector to a string
new_quosure

Create a quosure from components
last_error

Last abort() error
topic-error-chaining

Including contextual information with error chains
set_names

Set names of a vector
search_envs

Search path environments
parse_expr

Parse R code
names2

Get names of a vector
new_function

Create a function
new_formula

Create a formula
op-get-attr

Infix attribute accessor and setter
rep_along

Create vectors matching the length of a given vector
quo_label

Format quosures for printing or labelling
op-na-default

Replace missing values
injection-operator

Injection operator !!
new_quosures

Create a list of quosures
obj_address

Address of an R object
interrupt

Simulate interrupt condition
is_reference

Is an object referencing another?
new_weakref

Create a weak reference
set_attrs

Add attributes to an object
zap_srcref

Zap source references
on_load

Run expressions on load
splice-operator

Splice operator !!!
quo_squash

Squash a quosure
prim_name

Name of a primitive function
topic-metaprogramming

Metaprogramming patterns
topic-data-mask-ambiguity

The data mask ambiguity
topic-data-mask

What is data-masking and why do I need {{?
topic-multiple-columns

Taking multiple columns without ...
rlang_backtrace_on_error

Display backtrace on error
splice

Splice values at dots collection time
is_symbol

Is object a symbol?
topic-data-mask-programming

Data mask programming patterns
rlang-package

rlang: Functions for Base Types and Core R and 'Tidyverse' Features
zap

Create zap objects
seq2

Increasing sequence of integers in an interval
rlang_error

Errors of class rlang_error
return_from

Jump to or from a frame
stack-deprecated

Call stack information
topic-condition-customisation

Customising condition messages
topic-error-call

Including function calls in error messages
vec_poke_n

Poke values into a vector
type_of

Base type of an object
wref_key

Get key/value from a weak reference object
stack

Get properties of the current or caller frame
rlib_trace_spec

Backtrace specification
topic-defuse

Defusing R expressions
topic-double-evaluation

The double evaluation problem
topic-inject-out-of-context

What happens if I use injection operators out of context?
local_bindings

Temporarily change bindings of an environment
topic-inject

Injecting with !!, !!!, and glue syntax
missing

Missing values
local_error_call

Set local error call in an execution environment
missing_arg

Generate or handle a missing argument
ns_env

Get the namespace of a package
with_handlers

Establish handlers on the stack
with_env

Evaluate an expression within a given environment
ns_registry_env

Return the namespace registry env
args_dots_empty

Helper for consistent documentation of empty dots
args_data_masking

Argument type: data-masking
args_dots_used

Helper for consistent documentation of used dots