Returns the VaR loss function described in Gonzalez-Rivera, Lee, and Mishra (2004) which is an appropriate function on which to compare models using such methods as the Model Confidence Set (MCS).
VaRloss(alpha, actual, VaR)
The quantile (coverage) used for the VaR.
A numeric vector of the actual (realized) values.
The numeric vector of VaR.
Alexios Ghalanos
Gonzalez-Rivera, G., Lee, T. H., and Mishra, S. 2004, Forecasting volatility: A reality check based on option pricing, utility function, value-at-risk, and predictive likelihood. International Journal of Forecasting, 20(4), 629--645.