This function returns the percentage of non-overlapping data. Due to its
error-proneness the PND should not be used, but <code>nap</code> or
<code>pand</code> instead (see Parker &amp; Vannest, 2009).

A collection of procedures for analysing, visualising,
and managing single-case data. These include piecewise linear regression
models, multilevel models, overlap indices ('PND', 'PEM', 'PAND', 'PET', 'tau-u',
'baseline corrected tau', 'CDC'), and randomization tests. Data preparation functions
support outlier detection, handling missing values, scaling, and custom transformations.
An export function helps to generate
html, word, and latex tables in a publication friendly style. More details can be
found in the online book 'Analyzing single-case data with R and scan', Juergen Wilbert (2025)
<https://jazznbass.github.io/scan-Book/>.

Juergen Wilbert

scan

Single-Case Data Analyses for Single and Multiple Baseline
Designs

Timo Lueke

pnd function

<dl><dt>data</dt>
<dd>A single-case data frame. See <code>scdf()</code> to learn about this
format.</dd>
<dt>dvar</dt>
<dd>Character string with the name of the dependent variable.
Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file.</dd>
<dt>pvar</dt>
<dd>Character string with the name of the phase variable. Defaults to
the attributes in the scdf file.</dd>
<dt>decreasing</dt>
<dd>If you expect data to be lower in the B phase, set
<code>decreasing = TRUE</code>. Default is <code>decreasing = FALSE</code>.</dd>
<dt>phases</dt>
<dd>A vector of two characters or numbers indicating the two phases
that should be compared. E.g., <code>phases = c("A","C")</code> or <code>phases = c(2,4)</code>
for comparing the second to the fourth phase. Phases could be combined by
providing a list with two elements. E.g., <code>phases = list(A = c(1,3), B = c(2,4))</code> will compare phases 1 and 3 (as A) against 2 and 4 (as B). Default
is <code>phases = c(1,2)</code>.</dd></dl>

Arguments

Author

Percentage of non-overlapping data — pnd

<dl>

<dt>data</dt>
<dd>A single-case data frame. See <code>scdf()</code> to learn about this
format.</dd>


<dt>dvar</dt>
<dd>Character string with the name of the dependent variable.
Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file.</dd>


<dt>pvar</dt>
<dd>Character string with the name of the phase variable. Defaults to
the attributes in the scdf file.</dd>


<dt>decreasing</dt>
<dd>If you expect data to be lower in the B phase, set
<code>decreasing = TRUE</code>. Default is <code>decreasing = FALSE</code>.</dd>


<dt>phases</dt>
<dd>A vector of two characters or numbers indicating the two phases
that should be compared. E.g., <code>phases = c("A","C")</code> or <code>phases = c(2,4)</code>
for comparing the second to the fourth phase. Phases could be combined by
providing a list with two elements. E.g., <code>phases = list(A = c(1,3), B = c(2,4))</code> will compare phases 1 and 3 (as A) against 2 and 4 (as B). Default
is <code>phases = c(1,2)</code>.</dd>

</dl>

pnd: Percentage of non-overlapping data

Description

Usage

Value

Arguments

Author

See Also

Examples