seacarb (version 2.3.1)

ppH: ppH

Description

Calculates the carbonate chemistry after pH manipulations through addition of acid or base

Usage

ppH(flag, sys, var1, var2, pCO2a, vol, N, S=35, T=20, P=0, Pt=0, 
	Sit=0, pHscale="T", k1k2="l", kf="pf")

Arguments

flag

Select the couple of variables available. The flags which can be used are: flag = 1 pH and CO2 given flag = 2 CO2 and HCO3 given flag = 3 CO2 and CO3 given flag = 4 CO2 and ALK given flag = 5 CO2 and DIC given f

sys

0 if the manipulation is carried out in a system closed to the atmosphere or 1 if its is carried out in a system open to the atmosphere

var1

Value of the first variable in mol/kg, except for pH and for pCO2 in $\mu$atm

var2

Value of the second variable in mol/kg, except for pH

pCO2a

CO2 partial pressure in the atmosphere pCO2 in $\mu$atm. It is only used in systems open to the atmosphere (i.e. when sys=1)

vol

Volume of acid or base added in liter. By convention, it is given a negative sign for acid additions and a positive sign for base additions

N

Normality of the acid or base in mol/kg

S

Salinity

T

Temperature in degrees Celsius

P

Hydrostatic pressure in bar (surface = 0)

Pt

Concentration of total phosphate in mol/kg

Sit

Concentration of total silicate in mol/kg

pHscale

choice of pH scale: "T" for using the total scale, "F" for using the free scale and "SWS" for using the seawater scale, default is total scale

k1k2

"l" for using K1 and K2 from Lueker et al. and "r" for using K1 and K2 from Roy and al. , default is "l"

kf

"pf" for using Kf from Perez and Fraga (1987) and "dg" for using Kf from Dickson and Goyet (1979), default is "pf"

Value

• The function returns a data frame containing the following columns:
• comment
  The initial or final state water
• S
  Salinity
• T
  Temperature in degrees Celsius
• P
  Pressure in bar
• pH
  pH
• CO2
  CO2 concentration (mol/kg)
• pCO2
  pCO2, CO2 partial pressure ($\mu$atm)
• fCO2
  fCO2, CO2 fugacity ($\mu$atm)
• HCO3
  HCO3 concentration (mol/kg)
• CO3
  CO3 concentration (mol/kg)
• DIC
  DIC concentration (mol/kg)
• ALK
  ALK, total alkalinity (mol/kg)
• OmegaAragonite
  Omega aragonite, aragonite saturation state
• OmegaCalcite
  Omega calcite, calcite saturation state

encoding

latin1

Details

This function does not take into account the effect of dilution on salinity is not taken into account (i.e; it is assumed that the salinity change is minor or that the acid added has the same salinity as the sample). Pressure corrections and pH scale: For K1, K2, pK1, pK2, pK3, Kw, Kb, Khs and Ksi, the pressure correction was applied on the seawater scale. Hence, values were first transformed from the total scale to the seawater scale, the pressure correction applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS). For Kf, the pressure correction was applied on the free scale. The formulation of Dickson and Goyet (1979) provides Kf on the free scale but that of Perez and Fraga (1987) provides it on the total scale. Hence, in that case, Kf was first transformed from the total scale to the free scale. With both formulations, the pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS). For Ks, the pressure correction was applied on the free scale. The pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS). For Kn, The pressure correction was applied on the seawater scale. The pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS).

References

Gattuso J.-P. and Lavigne H, 2009. Perturbation experiments to investigate the impact of ocean acidification: approaches and software tools. Biogeosciences 6, 4413-4439.

See Also

buffer.

Examples

ppH(flag=24, sys=0, var1=384, var2=2302e-6, pCO2a=384, vol=-12e-3, 
	N=0.01, S=34.3, T=16, P=0, pHscale="T", kf="pf", k1k2="l")

ppH(flag=24, sys=1, var1=384, var2=2302e-6, pCO2a=384, vol=-12e-3, 
	N=0.01, S=34.3, T=16, P=0, pHscale="T", kf="pf", k1k2="l")