If residuals=FALSE the autoarima parameter is ignored.
If rank=TRUE, the test becomes basically a combination of the Kruskall-Wallis and the Welch test.
If residuals=TRUE, a non-seasonal ARIMA model is estimated for the time series. And the residuals of the fitted model are used as input to the test statistic. If an automatic order selection is used, the Hyndman-Khandakar algorithm is employed with max(p)=max(q) <= 3.
References
Kruskal, W. H. and W. A.Wallis (1952). Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 47 (260), 583-621.
Welch, B. L. (1951). On the Comparison of Several Mean Values: An Alternative Approach. Biometrika 38 (3/4), 330-336.