seewave (version 1.4.3)

ceps: Cepstrum or real cepstrum

Description

This functions returns the cepstrum of a time wave allowing fundamental frequency detection.

Usage

ceps(wave, f, wl = 512, at = FALSE, from = FALSE, to = FALSE, tpeaks = FALSE,
fpeaks = FALSE, identify = FALSE, col = "black", cex = 1, colpeaks = "red", cexpeaks = 0.75,
fontpeaks = 1, plot = TRUE, qlab = "Quefrency (s)", alab = "Amplitude",
type = "l", ...)

Arguments

wave

data describing a time wave or a Sample object generated loading a wav file with loadSample (package Sound).

f

sampling frequency of wave (in Hz). Does not need to be specified if wave is a Sample object.

wl

if at is not null, length of the window for the analysis (even number of points, by defaults = 512).

at

position where to compute the cepstrum (in s).

from

start mark where to compute the cepstrum (in s).

to

end mark where to compute the cepstrum (in s).

tpeaks

returns peaks value for a given span according to time scale (s)(see details).

fpeaks

returns peaks value for a given span according to frequency scale (Hz)(see details).

identify

to identify frequency values on the plot with the help of a cursor.

col

colour of the cepstrum.

cex

pitch size of the cepstrum.

colpeaks

colour of peaks value plotted on the cepstrum.

cexpeaks

character size of peaks value plotted on the cepstrum.

fontpeaks

font of peaks value plotted on the cepstrum.

plot

logical, if TRUE plots the cepstrum.

qlab

title of the quefrency axis.

alab

title of the amplitude axis.

type

if plot is TRUE, type of plot that should be drawn. See plot for details (by default "l" for lines).

...

other plot graphical parameters.

Value

• The cepstrum of a time wave is the Fourier transform of the logarithm of the Fourier transform. The cepstrum of a wave s is then calcuated as follows: $$C(s) = Re[FFT^{-1}(\log{|FFT(s)|)]}$$

Details

The independent variable of a cepstral graph is called the quefrency. The quefrency is a measure of time, though not in the sense of a signal in the time domain. A correspondence with the frequency domain is obtained by simply computing the reverse of the temporal x corrdinate. For instance if a peak appears at 0.005 s, this reveals a frequency peak at 200 Hz (=1/0.005). If at, from or to are FALSE then ceps computes the cepstrum of the whole signal. tpeaks and fpeaks setting corresponds to dimension of embed. When using identify, press stop tools bar button to return values in the console. tpeaks and fpeaks just differ in the unit of the results.

References

Oppenheim, A.V. and Schafer, R.W. 2004. From frequency to quefrency: a history of the cepstrum. Signal Processing Magazine IEEE, 21: 95-106.

See Also

autoc

Examples

data(sheep)
ceps(sheep,f=22050,at=0.4,wl=1024)
# peaks detection in Hertz, the fundamental is at 416 Hz.
ceps(sheep,f=22050,at=0.4,wl=1024,fpeaks=63)