Combine several feature geometries into one, without unioning or resolving internal boundaries
st_combine(x)st_union(x, y, ..., by_feature = FALSE, is_coverage = FALSE)
st_combine returns a single, combined geometry, with no resolved boundaries; returned geometries may well be invalid.
If y is missing, st_union(x) returns a single geometry with resolved boundaries, else the geometries for all unioned pairs of x[i] and y[j].
object of class sf, sfc or sfg
object of class sf, sfc or sfg (optional)
ignored
logical; if TRUE, union each feature if y is missing or else each pair of features; if FALSE return a single feature that is the geometric union of the set of features in x if y is missing, or else the unions of each of the elements of the Cartesian product of both sets
logical; if TRUE, use an optimized algorithm for features that form a polygonal coverage (have no overlaps)
st_combine combines geometries without resolving borders, using c.sfg (analogous to c for ordinary vectors).
If st_union is called with a single argument, x, (with y missing) and by_feature is FALSE all geometries are unioned together and an sfg or single-geometry sfc object is returned.
If by_feature is TRUE each feature geometry is unioned individually.
This can for instance be used to resolve internal boundaries after polygons were combined using st_combine.
If y is provided, all elements of x and y are unioned, pairwise if by_feature is TRUE, or else as the Cartesian product of both sets.
Unioning a set of overlapping polygons has the effect of merging the areas (i.e. the same effect as iteratively unioning all individual polygons together). Unioning a set of LineStrings has the effect of fully noding and dissolving the input linework. In this context "fully noded" means that there will be a node or endpoint in the output for every endpoint or line segment crossing in the input. "Dissolved" means that any duplicate (e.g. coincident) line segments or portions of line segments will be reduced to a single line segment in the output. Unioning a set of Points has the effect of merging all identical points (producing a set with no duplicates).
st_intersection, st_difference, st_sym_difference
nc = st_read(system.file("shape/nc.shp", package="sf"))
st_combine(nc)
plot(st_union(nc))
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