Multimodal single-objective test function. The implementation is based on the mathematical formulation $$f(\mathbf{x}) = (\mathbf{x}_1 - \mathbf{x}_2)^2 + \exp((1 - \sin(\mathbf{x}_1))^2)\cos(\mathbf{x}_2) + \exp((1 - \cos(\mathbf{x}_2))^2)\sin(\mathbf{x}_1).$$ The function is restricted to two dimensions with \(\mathbf{x}_i \in [-2\pi, 2\pi], i = 1, 2.\)
makeBirdFunction()[smoof_single_objective_function]
S. K. Mishra, Global Optimization By Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Methods: Evaluation On Some Benchmark Functions, Munich Research Papers in Economics.