lee.mc

A permutation test for Lee's L statistic calculated by using nsim random permutations of x and y for the given spatial weighting scheme, to establish the rank of the observed statistic in relation to the nsim simulated values.

spatial

A collection of functions to create spatial weights matrix
objects from polygon 'contiguities', from point patterns by distance and
tessellations, for summarizing these objects, and for permitting their
use in spatial data analysis, including regional aggregation by minimum
spanning tree; a collection of tests for spatial 'autocorrelation',
including global 'Morans I' and 'Gearys C' proposed by 'Cliff' and 'Ord'
(1973, ISBN: 0850860369) and (1981, ISBN: 0850860814), 'Hubert/Mantel'
general cross product statistic, Empirical Bayes estimates and
'Assunção/Reis' (1999) <doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990830)18:16%3C2147::AID-SIM179%3E3.0.CO;2-I> Index, 'Getis/Ord' G ('Getis' and 'Ord' 1992)
<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x> and multicoloured
join count statistics, 'APLE' ('Li 'et al.' )
<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00708.x>, local 'Moran's I', 'Gearys C'
('Anselin' 1995) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x> and
'Getis/Ord' G ('Ord' and 'Getis' 1995)
<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x>,
'saddlepoint' approximations ('Tiefelsdorf' 2002)
<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2002.tb01084.x> and exact tests
for global and local 'Moran's I' ('Bivand et al.' 2009)
<doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.07.021> and 'LOSH' local indicators
of spatial heteroscedasticity ('Ord' and 'Getis')
<doi:10.1007/s00168-011-0492-y>. The implementation of most of
these measures is described in 'Bivand' and 'Wong' (2018)
<doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x>, with further extensions in 'Bivand' (2022)
<doi:10.1111/gean.12319>. 'Lagrange' multiplier tests for spatial dependence
in linear models are provided ('Anselin et al'. 1996)
<doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02111-6>, as are 'Rao' score tests for hypothesised
spatial 'Durbin' models based on linear models ('Koley' and 'Bera' 2023)
<doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810>.
From 'spdep' and 'spatialreg' versions >= 1.2-1, the model fitting functions
previously present in this package are defunct in 'spdep' and may be found
in 'spatialreg'.

Roger Bivand

spdep

Spatial Dependence: Weighting Schemes, Statistics

Micah Altman

Luc Anselin

Renato Assunção

Anil Bera

Olaf Berke

F. Guillaume Blanchet

Marilia Carvalho

Bjarke Christensen

Yongwan Chun

Carsten Dormann

Stéphane Dray

Dewey Dunnington

Virgilio Gómez-Rubio

Malabika Koley

Tomasz Kossowski

Elias Krainski

Pierre Legendre

Nicholas Lewin-Koh

Angela Li

Giovanni Millo

Werner Mueller

Hisaji Ono

Josiah Parry

Pedro Peres-Neto

Michał Pietrzak

Gianfranco Piras

Markus Reder

Jeff Sauer

Michael Tiefelsdorf

René Westerholt

Justyna Wilk

Levi Wolf

Danlin Yu

lee.mc function

<dl> <dt>x</dt>
<dd>a numeric vector the same length as the neighbours list in listw</dd> <dt>y</dt>
<dd>a numeric vector the same length as the neighbours list in listw</dd> <dt>listw</dt>
<dd>a <code>listw</code> object created for example by <code>nb2listw</code></dd> <dt>nsim</dt>
<dd>number of permutations</dd> <dt>zero.policy</dt>
<dd>default <code>attr(listw, "zero.policy")</code> as set when <code>listw</code> was created, if attribute not set, use global option value; if TRUE assign zero to the lagged value of zones without neighbours, if FALSE assign NA</dd> <dt>alternative</dt>
<dd>a character string specifying the alternative hypothesis, must be one of "greater" (default), "two.sided", or "less".</dd> <dt>na.action</dt>
<dd>a function (default <code>na.fail</code>), can also be <code>na.omit</code> or <code>na.exclude</code> - in these cases the weights list will be subsetted to remove NAs in the data. It may be necessary to set zero.policy to TRUE because this subsetting may create no-neighbour observations. Note that only weights lists created without using the glist argument to <code>nb2listw</code> may be subsetted. <code>na.pass</code> is not permitted because it is meaningless in a permutation test.</dd> <dt>spChk</dt>
<dd>should the data vector names be checked against the spatial objects for identity integrity, TRUE, or FALSE, default NULL to use <code>get.spChkOption()</code></dd> <dt>return_boot</dt>
<dd>return an object of class <code>boot</code> from the equivalent permutation bootstrap rather than an object of class <code>htest</code></dd></dl>

Arguments

Roger Bivand, Virgilio GÃ³mez-Rubio <a href="/link/Virgilio.Gomez%40uclm.es?package=spdep&version=1.3-6" data-mini-rdoc="spdep::Virgilio.Gomez@uclm.es">Virgilio.Gomez@uclm.es</a>

Author

Permutation test for Lee's L statistic — lee.mc

<dl>

 <dt>x</dt>
<dd>a numeric vector the same length as the neighbours list in listw</dd>

 <dt>y</dt>
<dd>a numeric vector the same length as the neighbours list in listw</dd>

 <dt>listw</dt>
<dd>a <code>listw</code> object created for example by <code>nb2listw</code></dd>

 <dt>nsim</dt>
<dd>number of permutations</dd>

 <dt>zero.policy</dt>
<dd>default <code>attr(listw, "zero.policy")</code> as set when <code>listw</code> was created, if attribute not set, use global option value; if TRUE assign zero to the lagged value of zones without neighbours, if FALSE assign NA</dd>

 <dt>alternative</dt>
<dd>a character string specifying the alternative hypothesis, must be one of "greater" (default), "two.sided", or "less".</dd>

 <dt>na.action</dt>
<dd>a function (default <code>na.fail</code>), can also be <code>na.omit</code> or <code>na.exclude</code> - in these cases the weights list will be subsetted to remove NAs in the data. It may be necessary to set zero.policy to TRUE because this subsetting may create no-neighbour observations. Note that only weights lists created without using the glist argument to <code>nb2listw</code> may be subsetted. <code>na.pass</code> is not permitted because it is meaningless in a permutation test.</dd>

 <dt>spChk</dt>
<dd>should the data vector names be checked against the spatial objects for identity integrity, TRUE, or FALSE, default NULL to use <code>get.spChkOption()</code></dd>

 <dt>return_boot</dt>
<dd>return an object of class <code>boot</code> from the equivalent permutation bootstrap rather than an object of class <code>htest</code></dd>

</dl>

Roger Bivand, Virgilio GÃ³mez-Rubio <a href='mailto:Virgilio.Gomez@uclm.es'>Virgilio.Gomez@uclm.es</a>

Permutation test for Lee's L statistic

lee.mc: Permutation test for Lee's L statistic

Description

Usage

Value

Arguments

Author

References

See Also

Examples