This function estimates proportion (expressed as percent) and size of a resource in each of a set of categories and can also be used to estimate proportion and size for site status categories. Upper and lower confidence bounds also are estimated. Proportion estimates are calculated using the Horvitz-Thompson ratio estimator, i.e., the ratio of two Horvitz-Thompson estimators. The numerator of the ratio estimates the size of the category. The denominator of the ratio estimates the size of the resource. Variance estimates for the proportion estimates are calculated using either the local mean variance estimator or the simple random sampling (SRS) variance estimator. The choice of variance estimator is subject to user control. The local mean variance estimator requires the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of each site. The SRS variance estimator uses the independent random sample approximation to calculate joint inclusion probabilities. Confidence bounds are calculated using a Normal distribution multiplier. For a finite resource size is the number of units in the resource. For an extensive resource size is the measure (extent) of the resource, i.e., length, area, or volume. Size estimates are calculated using the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. Variance estimates for the size estimates are calculated using either the local mean variance estimator or the SRS variance estimator. The function can accommodate a stratified sample. For a stratified sample, separate estimates and standard errors are calculated for each stratum, which are used to produce estimates and standard errors for all strata combined. Strata that contain a single value are removed. For a stratified sample, when either the size of the resource or the sum of the size-weights for the resource is provided for each stratum, those values are used as stratum weights for calculating the estimates and standard errors for all strata combined. In addition, when either of those known values is provided for each stratum, size estimates are obtained by multiplying the proportion estimate, i.e., the Horvitz- Thompson ratio estimator, by the known value for the stratum. For a stratified sample when neither the size of the resource nor the sum of the size-weights of the resource is provided for each stratum, estimated values are used as stratum weights for calculating the estimates and standard errors for all strata combined. The function can accommodate single-stage and two-stage samples for both stratified and unstratified sampling designs. Finite population and continuous population correction factors can be utilized in variance estimation. The function checks for compatibility of input values and removes missing values.
category.est(catvar, wgt, x = NULL, y = NULL, stratum = NULL,
cluster = NULL, wgt1 = NULL, x1 = NULL, y1 = NULL,
popsize = NULL, popcorrect = FALSE, pcfsize = NULL,
N.cluster = NULL, stage1size = NULL, support = NULL,
sizeweight = FALSE, swgt = NULL, swgt1 = NULL, vartype = "Local",
conf = 95, check.ind = TRUE, warn.ind = NULL, warn.df = NULL,
warn.vec = NULL)Vector of the value of the categorical response variable or the site status for each site.
Vector of the final adjusted weight (inverse of the sample inclusion probability) for each site, which is either the weight for a single-stage sample or the stage two weight for a two-stage sample.
Vector of x-coordinate for location for each site, which is either the x-coordinate for a single-stage sample or the stage two x-coordinate for a two-stage sample. The default is NULL.
Vector of y-coordinate for location for each site, which is either the y-coordinate for a single-stage sample or the stage two y-coordinate for a two-stage sample. The default is NULL.
Vector of the stratum for each site. The default is NULL.
Vector of the stage one sampling unit (primary sampling unit or cluster) code for each site. The default is NULL.
Vector of the final adjusted stage one weight for each site. The default is NULL.
Vector of the stage one x-coordinate for location for each site. The default is NULL.
Vector of the stage one y-coordinate for location for each site. The default is NULL.
Known size of the resource, which is used to perform ratio adjustment to estimators expressed using measurement units for the resource and to calculate strata proportions for calculating estimates for a stratified sample. For a finite resource, this argument is either the total number of sampling units or the known sum of size-weights. For an extensive resource, this argument is the measure of the resource, i.e., either known total length for a linear resource or known total area for an areal resource. For a stratified sample this variable must be a vector containing a value for each stratum and must have the names attribute set to identify the stratum codes. The default is NULL.
Logical value that indicates whether finite or continuous population correction factors should be employed during variance estimation, where TRUE = use the correction factor and FALSE = do not use the correction factor. The default is FALSE. To employ the correction factor for a single-stage sample, values must be supplied for arguments pcfsize and support. To employ the correction factor for a two-stage sample, values must be supplied for arguments N.cluster, stage1size, and support.
Size of the resource, which is required for calculation of finite and continuous population correction factors for a single-stage sample. For a stratified sample this argument must be a vector containing a value for each stratum and must have the names attribute set to identify the stratum codes. The default is NULL.
Number of stage one sampling units in the resource, which is required for calculation of finite and continuous population correction factors for a two-stage sample. For a stratified sample this argument must be a vector containing a value for each stratum and must have the names attribute set to identify the stratum codes. The default is NULL.
Size of the stage one sampling units of a two-stage sample, which is required for calculation of finite and continuous population correction factors for a two-stage sample and must have the names attribute set to identify the stage one sampling unit codes. For a stratified sample, the names attribute must be set to identify both stratum codes and stage one sampling unit codes using a convention where the two codes are separated by the & symbol, e.g., "Stratum 1&Cluster 1". The default is NULL.
Vector of the support value for each site - the value one (1) for a site from a finite resource or the measure of the sampling unit associated with a site from an extensive resource, which is required for calculation of finite and continuous population correction factors. The default is NULL.
Logical value that indicates whether size-weights should be used in the analysis, where TRUE = use the size-weights and FALSE = do not use the size-weights. The default is FALSE.
Vector of the size-weight for each site, which is the stage two size-weight for a two-stage sample. The default is NULL.
Vector of the stage one size-weight for each site. The default is NULL.
The choice of variance estimator, where "Local" = local mean estimator and "SRS" = SRS estimator. The default is "Local".
Numeric value for the confidence level. The default is 95.
Logical value that indicates whether compatability checking of the input values is conducted, where TRUE = conduct compatibility checking and FALSE = do not conduct compatibility checking. The default is TRUE.
Logical value that indicates whether warning messages were generated, where TRUE = warning messages were generated and FALSE = warning messages were not generated. The default is NULL.
Data frame for storing warning messages. The default is NULL.
Vector that contains names of the population type, the subpopulation, and an indicator. The default is NULL.
If the function was called by the cat.analysis function, then output is an object in list format composed of the Results data frame, which contains estimates and confidence bounds, and the warn.df data frame, which contains warning messages. If the function was called directly, then output is the Results data frame.
input.checkcheck input values for errors, consistency, and compatibility with analytical functions
wnasremove missing values
vecprinttakes an input vector and outputs a character string with line breaks inserted
catvar.propcalculate variance of the proportion estimates
catvar.sizecalculate variance of the size estimates
Diaz-Ramos, S., D.L. Stevens, Jr., and A.R. Olsen. (1996). EMAP Statistical Methods Manual. EPA/620/R-96/XXX. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division.
# NOT RUN {
catvar <- rep(c("north", "south", "east", "west"), rep(25, 4))
wgt <- runif(100, 10, 100)
category.est(catvar, wgt, vartype="SRS")
x <- runif(100)
y <- runif(100)
category.est(catvar, wgt, x, y)
# }
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