ar(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL,
method = c("yule-walker", "burg", "ols", "mle", "yw"),
na.action, series, …)ar.burg(x, …)
# S3 method for default
ar.burg(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL,
na.action = na.fail, demean = TRUE, series,
var.method = 1, …)
# S3 method for mts
ar.burg(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL,
na.action = na.fail, demean = TRUE, series,
var.method = 1, …)
ar.yw(x, …)
# S3 method for default
ar.yw(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL,
na.action = na.fail, demean = TRUE, series, …)
# S3 method for mts
ar.yw(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL,
na.action = na.fail, demean = TRUE, series,
var.method = 1, …)
ar.mle(x, aic = TRUE, order.max = NULL, na.action = na.fail,
demean = TRUE, series, …)
# S3 method for ar
predict(object, newdata, n.ahead = 1, se.fit = TRUE, …)
TRUE
then the Akaike Information
Criterion is used to choose the order of the autoregressive
model. If FALSE
, the model of order order.max
is
fitted.method = "mle"
where it is the minimum of this
quantity and 12."yule-walker"
.deparse(substitute(x))
.ar
.ar
and its methods a list of class "ar"
with
the following elements:
aic = TRUE
, otherwise it is order.max
.ar.ols
only.) The intercept in the model for
x - x.mean
.-Inf
.order.max
argument.order.max
.order
observations. The first order
residuals
are set to NA
. If x
is a time series, so is resid
.method
argument.order > 0
.)
The asymptotic-theory variance matrix of the coefficient estimates.predict.ar
, a time series of predictions, or if
se.fit = TRUE
, a list with components pred
, the
predictions, and se
, the estimated standard errors. Both
components are time series.ar
is just a wrapper for the functions ar.yw
,
ar.burg
, ar.ols
and ar.mle
. Order selection is done by AIC if aic
is true. This is
problematic, as of the methods here only ar.mle
performs
true maximum likelihood estimation. The AIC is computed as if the variance
estimate were the MLE, omitting the determinant term from the
likelihood. Note that this is not the same as the Gaussian likelihood
evaluated at the estimated parameter values. In ar.yw
the
variance matrix of the innovations is computed from the fitted
coefficients and the autocovariance of x
. ar.burg
allows two methods to estimate the innovations
variance and hence AIC. Method 1 is to use the update given by
the Levinson-Durbin recursion (Brockwell and Davis, 1991, (8.2.6)
on page 242), and follows S-PLUS. Method 2 is the mean of the sum
of squares of the forward and backward prediction errors
(as in Brockwell and Davis, 1996, page 145). Percival and Walden
(1998) discuss both. In the multivariate case the estimated
coefficients will depend (slightly) on the variance estimation method. Remember that ar
includes by default a constant in the model, by
removing the overall mean of x
before fitting the AR model,
or (ar.mle
) estimating a constant to subtract.ar.ols
, arima
for ARMA models;
acf2AR
, for AR construction from the ACF. arima.sim
for simulation of AR processes.ar(lh)
ar(lh, method = "burg")
ar(lh, method = "ols")
ar(lh, FALSE, 4) # fit ar(4)
(sunspot.ar <- ar(sunspot.year))
predict(sunspot.ar, n.ahead = 25)
## try the other methods too
ar(ts.union(BJsales, BJsales.lead))
## Burg is quite different here, as is OLS (see ar.ols)
ar(ts.union(BJsales, BJsales.lead), method = "burg")
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