survival (version 3.5-3)

rhDNase: rhDNASE data set

Description

Results of a randomized trial of rhDNase for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Usage

rhDNase
data(rhDNase, package="survival")

Format

A data frame with 767 observations on the following 8 variables.

id

subject id

inst

enrolling institution

trt

treatment arm: 0=placebo, 1= rhDNase

entry.dt

date of entry into the study

end.dt

date of last follow-up

fev

forced expriatory volume at enrollment, a measure of lung capacity

ivstart

days from enrollment to the start of IV antibiotics

ivstop

days from enrollment to the cessation of IV antibiotics

Details

In patients with cystic fibrosis, extracellular DNA is released by leukocytes that accumulate in the airways in response to chronic bacterial infection. This excess DNA thickens the mucus, which then cannot be cleared from the lung by the cilia. The accumulation leads to exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and progressive deterioration of lung function. At the time of this study more than 90% of cystic fibrosis patients eventually died of lung disease.

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is a human enzyme normally present in the mucus of human lungs that digests extracellular DNA. Genentech, Inc. cloned a highly purified recombinant DNase I (rhDNase or Pulmozyme) which when delivered to the lungs in an aerosolized form cuts extracellular DNA, reducing the viscoelasticity of airway secretions and improving clearance. In 1992 the company conducted a randomized double-blind trial comparing rhDNase to placebo. Patients were then monitored for pulmonary exacerbations, along with measures of lung volume and flow. The primary endpoint was the time until first pulmonary exacerbation; however, data on all exacerbations were collected for 169 days.

The definition of an exacerbation was an infection that required the use of intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Subjects had 0--5 such episodes during the trial, those with more than one have multiple rows in the data set, those with none have NA for the IV start and end times. A few subjects were infected at the time of enrollment, subject 173 for instance has a first infection interval of -21 to 7. We do not count this first infection as an "event", and the subject first enters the risk set at day 7. Subjects who have an event are not considered to be at risk for another event during the course of antibiotics, nor for an additional 6 days after they end. (If the symptoms reappear immediately after cessation then from a medical standpoint this would not be a new infection.)

This data set reproduces the data in Therneau and Grambsch, it does not exactly reproduce those in Therneau and Hamilton due to data set updates.

References

T. M. Therneau and P. M. Grambsch, Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model, Springer, 2000.

T. M. Therneau and S.A. Hamilton, rhDNase as an example of recurrent event analysis, Statistics in Medicine, 16:2029-2047, 1997.

Examples

# Build the start-stop data set for analysis, and
#  replicate line 2 of table 8.13 in the book
first <- subset(rhDNase, !duplicated(id)) #first row for each subject
dnase <- tmerge(first, first, id=id, tstop=as.numeric(end.dt -entry.dt))

# Subjects whose fu ended during the 6 day window are the reason for
#  this next line
temp.end <- with(rhDNase, pmin(ivstop+6, end.dt-entry.dt))
dnase <- tmerge(dnase, rhDNase, id=id,
                       infect=event(ivstart),
                       end=  event(temp.end))
# toss out the non-at-risk intervals, and extra variables
#  3 subjects had an event on their last day of fu, infect=1 and end=1
dnase <- subset(dnase, (infect==1 | end==0), c(id:trt, fev:infect))
agfit <- coxph(Surv(tstart, tstop, infect) ~ trt + fev, cluster=id,
                 data=dnase)