Creates a tmap-element that draws a raster. For coloring, there are three options: 1) a fixed color is used, 2) a color palette is mapped to a data variable, 3) RGB values are used. The function tm_raster is designed for options 1 and 2, while tm_rgb is used for option 3.
tm_raster(col = NA, alpha = NA, palette = NULL, n = 5,
style = ifelse(is.null(breaks), "pretty", "fixed"), breaks = NULL,
interval.closure = "left", labels = NULL, midpoint = NULL,
stretch.palette = TRUE, contrast = NA, saturation = 1,
interpolate = NA, colorNA = NULL, textNA = "Missing", showNA = NA,
colorNULL = NULL, title = NA, legend.show = TRUE,
legend.format = list(), legend.is.portrait = TRUE,
legend.reverse = FALSE, legend.hist = FALSE, legend.hist.title = NA,
legend.z = NA, legend.hist.z = NA, group = NA,
auto.palette.mapping = NULL, max.categories = NULL)tm_rgb(alpha = NA, saturation = 1, interpolate = TRUE, ...)
three options: a single color value, the name of a data variable that is contained in shp, or the name of a variable in shp that contain color values. In the second case the values (numeric or categorical) that will be depicted by a color palette (see palette. If multiple values are specified, small multiples are drawn (see details). By default, it is a vector of the names of all data variables unless the by argument of tm_facets is defined (in that case, the default color of dots is taken from the tmap option aes.color). Note that the number of small multiples is limited by tmap_options("limits")).
transparency number between 0 (totally transparent) and 1 (not transparent). By default, the alpha value of the col is used (normally 1).
a palette name or a vector of colors. See tmaptools::palette_explorer() for the named palettes. Use a "-" as prefix to reverse the palette. The default palette is taken from tm_layout's argument aes.palette, which typically depends on the style. The type of palette from aes.palette is automatically determined, but can be overwritten: use "seq" for sequential, "div" for diverging, and "cat" for categorical.
preferred number of classes (in case col is a numeric variable)
method to process the color scale when col is a numeric variable. Discrete options are "cat", "fixed", "sd", "equal", "pretty", "quantile", "kmeans", "hclust", "bclust", "fisher", and "jenks". A numeric variable is processed as a categorical variable when using "cat", i.e. each unique value will correspond to a distinct category. For the other discrete options, see the details in classIntervals. Continuous options are "cont" and "order". The former maps the values of col to a smooth gradient, whereas the latter maps the order of values of col to a smooth gradient. They are the continuous variants of respectively the discrete methods "equal" and quantile".
in case style=="fixed", breaks should be specified. The breaks argument can also be used when style="cont". In that case, the breaks are mapped evenly to the sequential or diverging color palette.
value that determines whether where the intervals are closed: "left" or "right". Only applicable if col is a numeric variable.
labels of the classes
The value mapped to the middle color of a diverging palette. By default it is set to 0 if negative and positive values are present. In that case, the two sides of the color palette are assigned to negative respectively positive values. If all values are positive or all values are negative, then the midpoint is set to NA, which means that the value that corresponds to the middle color class (see style) is mapped to the middle color. Only applies when col is a numeric variable. If it is specified for sequential color palettes (e.g. "Blues"), then this color palette will be treated as a diverging color palette.
Logical that determines whether the categorical color palette should be stretched if there are more categories than colors. If TRUE (default), interpolated colors are used (like a rainbow). If FALSE, the palette is repeated.
vector of two numbers that determine the range that is used for sequential and diverging palettes (applicable when auto.palette.mapping=TRUE). Both numbers should be between 0 and 1. The first number determines where the palette begins, and the second number where it ends. For sequential palettes, 0 means the brightest color, and 1 the darkest color. For diverging palettes, 0 means the middle color, and 1 both extremes. If only one number is provided, this number is interpreted as the endpoint (with 0 taken as the start).
Number that determines how much saturation (also known as chroma) is used: saturation=0 is greyscale and saturation=1 is normal. This saturation value is multiplied by the overall saturation of the map (see tm_layout).
Should the raster image be interpolated? By default FALSE for tm_raster and TRUE for tm_rgb.
color used for missing values. Use NULL for transparency.
text used for missing values.
logical that determines whether missing values are named in the legend. By default (NA), this depends on the presence of missing values.
colour for polygons that are shown on the map that are out of scope
title of the legend element
logical that determines whether the legend is shown
list of formatting options for the legend numbers. Only applicable if labels is undefined. Parameters are:
Function to specify the labels. It should take a numeric vector, and should return a character vector of the same size. By default it is not specified. If specified, the list items scientific, format, and digits (see below) are not used.
Should the labels be formatted scientifically? If so, square brackets are used, and the format of the numbers is "g". Otherwise, format="f", and text.separator, text.less.than, and text.or.more are used. Also, the numbers are automatically rounded to millions or billions if applicable.
By default, "f", i.e. the standard notation xxx.xxx, is used. If scientific=TRUE then "g", which means that numbers are formatted scientifically, i.e. n.dddE+nn if needed to save space.
Number of digits after the decimal point if format="f", and the number of significant digits otherwise.
Character string to use to separate numbers in the legend (default: "to").
Character value(s) to use to translate "Less than". When a character vector of length 2 is specified, one for each word, these words are aligned when text.to.columns = TRUE
Character value(s) to use to translate "or more". When a character vector of length 2 is specified, one for each word, these words are aligned when text.to.columns = TRUE
Value that determines how the numbers are aligned, "left", "center" or "right"
Logical that determines whether the text is aligned to three columns (from, text.separator, to). By default FALSE.
Other arguments passed on to formatC
logical that determines whether the legend is in portrait mode (TRUE) or landscape (FALSE)
logical that determines whether the items of the legend regarding the text sizes are shown in reverse order, i.e. from bottom to top when legend.is.portrait = TRUE and from right to left when legend.is.portrait = FALSE
logical that determines whether a histogram is shown
title for the histogram. By default, one title is used for both the histogram and the normal legend.
index value that determines the position of the legend element with respect to other legend elements. The legend elements are stacked according to their z values. The legend element with the lowest z value is placed on top.
index value that determines the position of the histogram legend element
name of the group to which this layer belongs in view mode. Each group can be selected or deselected in the layer control item. Groups can either be specified as base or overlay groups in tm_view (arguments base.groups and overlay.groups).
deprecated. It has been replaced by midpoint for numeric variables and stretch.palette for categorical variables.
deprecated. It has moved to tmap_options.
arguments passed on from tm_raster to tm_rgb
Small multiples can be drawn in two ways: either by specifying the by argument in tm_facets, or by defining multiple variables in the aesthetic arguments. The aesthetic argument of tm_raster is col. In the latter case, the arguments, except for the ones starting with legend., can be specified for small multiples as follows. If the argument normally only takes a single value, such as n, then a vector of those values can be specified, one for each small multiple. If the argument normally can take a vector, such as palette, then a list of those vectors (or values) can be specified, one for each small multiple.
Tennekes, M., 2018, tmap: Thematic Maps in R, Journal of Statistical Software, 84(6), 1-39, DOI
# NOT RUN {
data(World, land, metro)
pal8 <- c("#33A02C", "#B2DF8A", "#FDBF6F", "#1F78B4", "#999999", "#E31A1C", "#E6E6E6", "#A6CEE3")
tm_shape(land, ylim = c(-88,88)) +
tm_raster("cover_cls", palette = pal8, title = "Global Land Cover") +
tm_shape(metro) + tm_dots(col = "#E31A1C") +
tm_shape(World) +
tm_borders(col = "black") +
tm_layout(scale = .8,
legend.position = c("left","bottom"),
legend.bg.color = "white", legend.bg.alpha = .2,
legend.frame = "gray50")
# }
# NOT RUN {
pal20 <- c("#003200", "#3C9600", "#006E00", "#556E19", "#00C800", "#8CBE8C",
"#467864", "#B4E664", "#9BC832", "#EBFF64", "#F06432", "#9132E6",
"#E664E6", "#9B82E6", "#B4FEF0", "#646464", "#C8C8C8", "#FF0000",
"#FFFFFF", "#5ADCDC")
tm_shape(land) +
tm_raster("cover", palette = pal20, title = "Global Land Cover") +
tm_layout(scale=.8, legend.position = c("left","bottom"))
# }
# NOT RUN {
tm_shape(land, ylim = c(-88,88)) +
tm_raster("trees", palette = "Greens", title = "Percent Tree Cover") +
tm_shape(World) +
tm_borders() +
tm_layout(legend.position = c("left", "bottom"), bg.color = "lightblue")
# }
# NOT RUN {
tm_shape(land) +
tm_raster("black") +
tm_facets(by="cover_cls")
# }
# NOT RUN {
# TIP: check out these examples in view mode, enabled with tmap_mode("view")
# }
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