vegan (version 2.6-8)

raupcrick: Raup-Crick Dissimilarity with Unequal Sampling Densities of Species

Description

Function finds the Raup-Crick dissimilarity which is a probability of number of co-occurring species with species occurrence probabilities proportional to species frequencies.

Usage

raupcrick(comm, null = "r1", nsimul = 999, chase = FALSE, ...)

Value

The function returns an object inheriting from

dist which can be interpreted as a dissimilarity matrix.

Arguments

comm

Community data which will be treated as presence/absence data.

null

Null model used as the method in oecosimu.

nsimul

Number of null communities for assessing the dissimilarity index.

chase

Use the Chase et al. (2011) method of tie handling (not recommended except for comparing the results against the Chase script).

...

Other parameters passed to oecosimu.

Author

The function was developed after Brian Inouye contacted us and informed us about the method in Chase et al. (2011), and the function takes its idea from the code that was published with their paper. The current function was written by Jari Oksanen.

Details

Raup-Crick index is the probability that compared sampling units have non-identical species composition. This probability can be regarded as a dissimilarity, although it is not metric: identical sampling units can have dissimilarity slightly above \(0\), the dissimilarity can be nearly zero over a range of shared species, and sampling units with no shared species can have dissimilarity slightly below \(1\). Moreover, communities sharing rare species appear as more similar (lower probability of finding rare species together), than communities sharing the same number of common species.

The function will always treat the data as binary (presence/ absence).

The probability is assessed using simulation with oecosimu where the test statistic is the observed number of shared species between sampling units evaluated against a community null model (see Examples). The default null model is "r1" where the probability of selecting species is proportional to the species frequencies.

The vegdist function implements a variant of the Raup-Crick index with equal sampling probabilities for species using exact analytic equations without simulation. This corresponds to null model "r0" which also can be used with the current function. All other null model methods of oecosimu can be used with the current function, but they are new unpublished methods.

References

Chase, J.M., Kraft, N.J.B., Smith, K.G., Vellend, M. and Inouye, B.D. (2011). Using null models to disentangle variation in community dissimilarity from variation in \(\alpha\)-diversity. Ecosphere 2:art24 tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1890/ES10-00117.1")

See Also

The function is based on oecosimu. Function vegdist with method = "raup" implements a related index but with equal sampling densities of species, and designdist demonstrates its calculation.

Examples

## data set with variable species richness
data(sipoo)
## default raupcrick
dr1 <- raupcrick(sipoo)
## use null model "r0" of oecosimu
dr0 <- raupcrick(sipoo, null = "r0")
## vegdist(..., method = "raup") corresponds to 'null = "r0"'
d <- vegdist(sipoo, "raup")
op <- par(mfrow=c(2,1), mar=c(4,4,1,1)+.1)
plot(dr1 ~ d, xlab = "Raup-Crick with Null R1", ylab="vegdist")
plot(dr0 ~ d, xlab = "Raup-Crick with Null R0", ylab="vegdist")
par(op)

## The calculation is essentially as in the following oecosimu() call,
## except that designdist() is replaced with faster code
if (FALSE) 
oecosimu(sipoo, function(x) designdist(x, "J", "binary"), method = "r1")