This dataset should have the same number of rows of the return waveforms (return).
It is generally coming with waveform data and provided by the data provider. The number of rows should be
the same as the return waveform or pulse (return).

datasets

A wealth of Full Waveform (FW) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data are available to
the public from different sources, which is poised to boost the extensive
application of FW LiDAR data. However, we lack a handy and open source tool
that can be used by ecological and remote sensing communities for processing and analyzing FW LiDAR
data. To this end, we introduce 'waveformlidar', an R package dedicated to
FW LiDAR processing, analysis and visualization as a solution to the constraint.
Specifically, this package provides several commonly used waveform processing methods
such as Gaussian, adaptive Gaussian and Weibull decompositions, and
deconvolution approaches (Gold and Richard-Lucy (RL)) with customized settings.
In addition, we also develop some functions to derive commonly used waveform metrics
for characterizing vegetation structure. Moreover, a new way to directly visualize
FW LiDAR data is developed through converting waveforms into points to form the Hyper
Point cloud (HPC), which can be easily adopted and subsequently analyzed with existing
discrete-return LiDAR processing tools such as 'LAStools' and 'FUSION'. Basic explorations of
the HPC such as 3D voxelization of the HPC and conversion from original waveforms to
composite waveforms are also available in this package. All of these functions are
developed based on small-footprint FW LiDAR data, but they can be easily transplanted to
the large footprint FW LiDAR data such as Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)
and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data analysis. References: Zhou et al. (2017a) <doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.04.021>;
Zhou et al. (2017b) <doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.012>; Zhou et al. (2018a) <doi:10.3390/rs10010039>;Zhou et al. (2018b) <doi:10.3390/rs10121949>.

Tan Zhou

waveformlidar

Waveform LiDAR Data Processing and Analysis

geo function

A data frame with 500 rows and 17 variables.<dl class="dl-horizontal">
 <dt>index</dt><dd>index to connect return waveform and geolocation</dd>
 <dt><code>x</code></dt><dd>Easting of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>y</code></dt><dd>Northing of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>z</code></dt><dd>Height of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>dx</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at x direction</dd>
 <dt><code>dy</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at y direction</dd>
 <dt><code>dz</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at z direction</dd>
 <dt><code>or</code></dt><dd>outgoing pulse reference bin location (leading edge 50th point of the outgoing pulse)</dd>
 <dt><code>fr</code></dt><dd>first return reference bin location (leading edge 50th point of the first return)</dd>
 <dt><code>V9</code></dt><dd>Easting of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V10</code></dt><dd>Northing of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V11</code></dt><dd>Height of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V12</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at x direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V13</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at y direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V14</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at z direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V15</code></dt><dd>outgoing pulse peak bin location</dd>
 <dt><code>V16</code></dt><dd>return bin0 location</dd>
</dl>

Format

The reference geolocation of the return waveforms. — geo

A data frame with 500 rows and 17 variables.<dl class='dl-horizontal'>
 <dt>index</dt><dd>index to connect return waveform and geolocation</dd>
 <dt><code>x</code></dt><dd>Easting of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>y</code></dt><dd>Northing of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>z</code></dt><dd>Height of first return</dd>
 <dt><code>dx</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at x direction</dd>
 <dt><code>dy</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at y direction</dd>
 <dt><code>dz</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at z direction</dd>
 <dt><code>or</code></dt><dd>outgoing pulse reference bin location (leading edge 50th point of the outgoing pulse)</dd>
 <dt><code>fr</code></dt><dd>first return reference bin location (leading edge 50th point of the first return)</dd>
 <dt><code>V9</code></dt><dd>Easting of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V10</code></dt><dd>Northing of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V11</code></dt><dd>Height of Return Bin0</dd>
 <dt><code>V12</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at x direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V13</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at y direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V14</code></dt><dd>the position change per nanasecond at z direction</dd>
 <dt><code>V15</code></dt><dd>outgoing pulse peak bin location</dd>
 <dt><code>V16</code></dt><dd>return bin0 location</dd>
</dl>

geo: The reference geolocation of the return waveforms.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Format