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phytools (version 2.4-4)

Phylogenetic Tools for Comparative Biology (and Other Things)

Description

A wide range of methods for phylogenetic analysis - concentrated in phylogenetic comparative biology, but also including numerous techniques for visualizing, analyzing, manipulating, reading or writing, and even inferring phylogenetic trees. Included among the functions in phylogenetic comparative biology are various for ancestral state reconstruction, model-fitting, and simulation of phylogenies and trait data. A broad range of plotting methods for phylogenies and comparative data include (but are not restricted to) methods for mapping trait evolution on trees, for projecting trees into phenotype space or a onto a geographic map, and for visualizing correlated speciation between trees. Lastly, numerous functions are designed for reading, writing, analyzing, inferring, simulating, and manipulating phylogenetic trees and comparative data. For instance, there are functions for computing consensus phylogenies from a set, for simulating phylogenetic trees and data under a range of models, for randomly or non-randomly attaching species or clades to a tree, as well as for a wide range of other manipulations and analyses that phylogenetic biologists might find useful in their research.

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Install

install.packages('phytools')

Monthly Downloads

7,870

Version

2.4-4

License

GPL (>= 2)

Issues

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Maintainer

Liam Revell

Last Published

January 8th, 2025

Functions in phytools (2.4-4)

aic.w

Computes Akaike weights
anc.Bayes

Bayesian ancestral character estimation
add.simmap.legend

Add legend to stochastically mapped tree
allFurcTrees

Generate all bi- and multifurcating unrooted trees
add.species.to.genus

Add species to genus on a phylogeny or bind simulated species subtrees to a backbone genus tree
add.color.bar

Add color bar to a plot
add.everywhere

Add tip to all edges in a tree
ancThresh

Ancestral character estimation under the threshold model using Bayesian MCMC
as.multiPhylo

Conversion to object of class "multiPhylo"
anc.trend

Ancestral character estimation with a trend
applyBranchLengths

Applies the branch lengths of a reference tree to a target
ave.rates

Average the posterior rates
anc.ML

Ancestral character estimation using likelihood
ansi_phylo

Graph a phylogeny using only ANSI characters
anoletree

Phylogenetic datasets
as.Qmatrix

Convert a fitted Mk model to a Q-matrix
ancr

Compute marginal or joint ancestral state estimates
averageTree

Compute an average tree from a set of trees and related operations
branching.diffusion

Animation of branching random diffusion
bmPlot

Simulates and visualizes discrete-time Brownian evolution on a phylogeny
brownie.lite

Likelihood test for rate variation in a continuous trait
bind.tree.simmap

Binds two trees of class "simmap"
bd

Convert object of class "birthdeath" to raw birth & death rates
bind.tip

Attaches a new tip to a tree
brownieREML

REML version of brownie.lite
cladelabels

Add labels to subtrees of a plotted phylogeny
bounded_bm

Fits bounded and wrapped Brownian motion models
cospeciation

Conducts a statistical test of cospeciation between two trees
contMap

Map continuous trait evolution on the tree
compare.chronograms

Compares two chronograms with precisely matching nodes in a visual manner
collapse.to.star

Collapse a subtree to a star phylogeny
countSimmap

Counts the number of character changes on a object of class "simmap" or "multiSimmap"
ctt

Generates (or simulates) a 'changes through time' plot from a set of stochastic map character histories
dotTree

Creates a phylogenetic dot plot
collapseTree

Interactive tree visualizer
consensus.edges

Compute consensus edges for a tree under some criterion
evol.vcv

Likelihood test for variation in the evolutionary variance-covariance matrix
drop.leaves

Drop all the leaves (tips) from a tree
evolvcv.lite

Likelihood test for a shift in the evolutionary correlation between traits
drop.tip.contMap

Drop tip or tips from an object of class "contMap" or "densityMap"
cophylo

Creates a co-phylogenetic plot
drop.clade

Drop a clade from a tree
fitPagel

Function to test for correlated evolution of binary traits
density.multiSimmap

Computes a posterior distribution for the number and types of changes on the tree
fit.bd

Fits birth-death (speciation/extinction) model to reconstructed phylogeny
describe.simmap

Summarizes a stochastic mapped tree or set of trees
di2multi.simmap

Collapse or resolve polytomies in a tree with a character painted on the edges
fitThresh

Fits multi-state threshold model using the discrete approximation
drop.tip.multiSimmap

Drop or keep tip or tips from an object of class "multiSimmap"
export.as.xml

Export trees & data in XML format
get.treepos

Get position or node of a plotted tree interactively
drop.tip.simmap

Drop tips or extract clade from tree with mapped discrete character
fancyTree

Plots special types of phylogenetic trees
edge.widthMap

Map continuous trait evolution on the tree
exhaustiveMP

Exhaustive and branch & bound MP optimization
fitBayes

Evolutionary model fitting with intraspecific variability using Bayesian MCMC
edgeProbs

Compute the relative frequencies of state changes along edges
getCladesofSize

Get all subtrees larger than or equal to a specified size
expand.clade

Expands (or contracts) the tip-spacing of a given clade or clades
fitDiversityModel

Fit diversity-dependent phenotypic evolution model
densityMap

Plot posterior density of stochastic mapping on a tree
fastAnc

(Reasonably) fast estimation of ML ancestral states
fastMRCA

Get the MRCA (or height above the root of the MRCA) of a pair of tip taxa
densityTree

Plots a posterior sample of trees
fastBM

(Reasonably) fast quantitative trait simulation on phylogenies
fitmultiBM

Fits multi-rate discrete character dependent continuous trait evolution
getSisters

Get the sister node number, label, or set of nodes for a node or tip
findMRCA

Get the MRCA of a set of taxa
getStates

Get the states at nodes or tips from a mapped tree
getDescendants

Get descendant node numbers
force.ultrametric

Coerces a phylogenetic tree to be ultrametric
estDiversity

Estimate diversity at each node of the tree
evol.rate.mcmc

Bayesian MCMC method for identifying exceptional phenotypic diversification in a phylogeny
fitMk

Fits extended Mk model for discrete character evolution
locate.yeti

Locate a cryptic, recently extinct, or missing taxon on a tree
getExtant

Returns a list of the extant or extinct lineages in a tree containing non-contemporaneous tips
gamma_pruning

Internally used function
gammatest

\(\gamma\) test of Pybus & Harvey (2000)
genSeq

Simulate a DNA alignment on the tree under a model
labelnodes

Function to interactively label nodes of a plotted tree
matchNodes

Matches nodes between two trees
ls.tree

Least squares branch lengths for a given tree
ladderize.simmap

Ladderize a tree with a mapped discrete character
map.overlap

Proportional overlap between two mapped character histories on a tree
linklabels

Function to add tip labels to a plotted tree with linking lines
lambda.transform

\(\lambda\) transformation of matrix
geo.legend

Adds a geological (or other temporal) legend to a plotted tree
mergeMappedStates

Merge two or more mapped states into one state
mapped.states

Returns a vector, matrix, or list of the mapped states on a tree or set of trees
multirateBM

Function to fit a multi-rate Brownian evolution model
markChanges

Add marked changes to a plotted tree with mapped discrete character
midpoint_root

Midpoint root a phylogeny
paste.tree

Paste two trees together
locate.fossil

Locate a fossil lineage in a tree using continuous characters
nodeHeights

Compute the heights above the root of each node
ltt

Creates lineage-through-time plot (including extinct lineages)
minRotate

Rotates all nodes of the tree to minimize the difference in order with a vector
phyl.RMA

Phylogenetic reduced major axis (RMA) regression
nodelabels.cophylo

Add labels to a plotted "cophylo" object
ltt95

Creates a (1-\(\alpha\))% CI for a set of LTTs
phyl.cca

Phylogenetic canonical correlation analysis
mrp.supertree

Matrix representation parsimony supertree estimation
multi.mantel

Multiple matrix regression (partial Mantel test)
optim.phylo.ls

Phylogeny inference using the least squares method
pbtree

Simulate pure-birth or birth-death stochastic tree or trees
phylo.impute

Phylogenetic imputation for multivariate continuous character data
orderMappedEdge

Order the columns of mapped.edge to match across trees
paintSubTree

Paint sub-trees with a discrete character
phyl.pairedttest

Phylogenetic paired t-test
phylo.toBackbone

Converts tree to backbone or vice versa
phyl.pca

Phylogenetic principal components analysis
phylANOVA

Phylogenetic ANOVA and post-hoc tests
phyloDesign

Compute design matrix for least squares analyses
likMlambda

Likelihood for joint \(\lambda\)
phylomorphospace

Creates phylomorphospace plot
phylo.heatmap

Creates a phylogenetic heat map
make.era.map

Create "era" map on a phylogenetic tree
make.simmap

Simulate stochastic character maps on a phylogenetic tree or trees
phylo.to.map

Plot tree with tips linked to geographic coordinates
phylosig

Compute phylogenetic signal with two methods
pscore

Compute the parsimony score
minSplit

Finding the minimum (median) split in the posterior sample
phytools-package

phytools: Phylogenetic Tools for comparative biology (and other things)
phylomorphospace3d

Creates three-dimensional phylomorphospace plot
modified.Grafen

Computes modified Grafen edge lengths
plotSimmap

Plot stochastic character mapped tree
rep.phylo

Replicate a tree or set of trees
plotTree.errorbars

Plot a tree with error bars around divergence dates
plotTree.lollipop

Plot a tree with one or more matched lollipop plots
map.to.singleton

Converts a tree without singletons to a tree with singleton nodes
reroot

Re-root a tree along an edge
plotThresh

Tree plotting with posterior probabilities of ancestral states from the threshold model
plotTree.wBars

Plot a tree with bars at the tips
rescale.simmap

Rescale object of class "simmap"
posterior.evolrate

Analysis of the posterior sample from evol.rate.mcmc
resolveNode

Compute all possible resolutions of a node or all nodes in a multifurcating tree
sim.ratebystate

Conduct simulation of state dependent rate variation
sim.rates

Brownian or OU simulation with multiple evolutionary regimes
threshDIC

Deviance Information Criterion from the threshold model
pgls.Ives

Phylogenetic regression with intraspecific sampling error
reorder.backbonePhylo

Reorders a backbone phylogeny
ratebystate

Method for investigating the rate of one trait as a function of the state of another
multiC

Returns a list with phylogenetic VCV matrix for each mapped state
splitplotTree

Plots a phylogeny in two columns
phenogram

Plot traitgram (phenogram)
threshState

Computes value for a threshold character from a liability and thresholds
writeAncestors

Write a tree to file with ancestral states and (optionally) CIs at nodes
writeNexus

Write a tree to file in Nexus format
multiRF

Computes Robinson-Foulds distance between a set of trees
plotTree

Plots rooted phylogenetic tree
phyl.resid

Phylogenetic size-correction via GLS regression
plotTree.datamatrix

Plot a tree with a discrete (or continuous) character data matrix at the tips
sampleFrom

Sample from a set of distributions
posthoc

Generic post-hoc test
setMap

Set color map for various phylogenetic objects of classes
reorderSimmap

Reorder edges of a "simmap" tree
phyl.vcv

Compute evolutionary VCV matrix for a tree & dataset
plot.backbonePhylo

Plots backbone tree with triangles as clades
roundPhylogram

Plot a round, sigmoidal, or spline phylogram or cladogram
starTree

Create star phylogeny
plotBranchbyTrait

Plot branch colors by a quantitative trait or value
rstate

Pick a random state according to a vector of probabilities
treeSlice

Slices the tree at a particular point and returns all subtrees, or the tree rootward of the point
ratebytree

Likelihood test for rate variation among trees, clades, or traits
print.backbonePhylo

Print method for backbone phylogeny
untangle

Attempts to untangle crossing branches for plotting
rerootingMethod

Get marginal ancestral state reconstructions by re-rooting
rescale

Rescale phylogenetic objects of different types
sim.corrs

Multivariate Brownian simulation with multiple correlations and rates
sim.history

Simulate character history or a discrete character at the tips of the tree under some model
strahlerNumber

Computes Strahler number for trees and nodes
rateshift

Find the temporal position of one or more rate shifts
threshBayes

Threshold model using Bayesian MCMC
read.newick

Newick or Nexus style tree reader
simBMphylo

Creates a graphical illustration of Brownian motion evolution on a phylogeny
read.simmap

Read SIMMAP style trees from file
skewers

Matrix comparison using the method of random skewers
rotateNodes

Rotates a node or set of nodes in a phylogenetic tree
roundBranches

Rounds the branch lengths of a tree
splitEdgeColor

Split edge colors when descendant edges have different mapped states
splitTree

Split tree at a point
to.matrix

Convert a character vector to a binary matrix
tree.grow

Creates an animation of a tree growing from left-to-right or upwards
vcvPhylo

Calculates cophenetic (i.e., phylogenetic VCV) matrix
write.simmap

Write a stochastic character mapped tree to file
add.arrow

Add an arrow pointing to a tip or node on the tree
add.random

Add tips at random to the tree
Dtest

Conducts correlational D-test from stochastic mapping